考研阅览方案26——2010Text4《美国陪审团准则的本质和疑问…(考研备考方案)

写在前面
hi，我是新海，一个正在备战的考研人。
迩来需要进行许多的考研专项阅览，所以萌发了一个翻译方案，预备翻译1986——2021年一切阅览，经过许多的阅览练习来了解考研单词，短语以及语法，更深化了解考研阅览。

下面是我的第26篇，一切中文释义，均是由自己收拾翻译，当然也有不可完善的当地，等待我们谈论弥补。

many americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.
许多美国人认为陪审团准则是至关重要的民主价值观的具体体现，包括一切契合最低年纪和识字才能的公民都有平等资历为陪审团效能的原则；陪审员应从社区的代表性部分中随机选出；任何公民都不该变成以种族、宗教、性别或民族血缘为由掠夺陪审团成员的权力；被告有权遭到同龄人的审判；判决应代表社会的良知，而不只是是法令条文。
the jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. in a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
陪审团也被认为是直接民主而不是代议制民主幸存的最佳比方。在直接民主国家，公民轮流打点自个，而不是推举代表来打点自个。

要点词汇

jury system陪审准则

be selected当选；中选

cross section横截面; 横断面; 横剖面; 横切面

right to serve发球权

on account of因为; 根据

entitled to享有; 有官僚求

letter of the law法令的字面意义

rather than…而不…，与其…倒不如…; instead of sb/sth 而不是

representative democracy代议民主政治

direct democracy直接民主

but as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.
但就在1986年，陪审团甄选程序与这些民主办念相冲突。
in some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character.
例如，在一些州，陪审团的责任仅限于被认为智力、教育和道德质量优胜的人。
although the supreme court of the united states had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. west vir

ginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
尽管早在1880年斯特劳德诉西弗吉尼亚一案中，美国最高法院就阻止在陪审团甄选中成心进行种族轻视，但选择所谓的高手陪审团或蓝丝带陪审团的做法为绕过这一法令以及其他反轻视法供给了一个便利的途径。

要点词汇

conflicted冲突（conflict的曩昔式与曩昔分词方法）

for example例如，比方; 拿 … 来说

moral character性格; 道德

supreme court of the united states美国最高法院

racial discrimination种族轻视

as early as早在; 就

west virginia西弗吉尼亚

practice of有…习气

blue-ribbon头号的，第一流的

juries陪审团( jury的名词复数 ); 评判委员会

the system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. although women first served on state juries in utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.
直到20世纪中叶，该准则也未能将女人守时归入陪审团。尽管1898年犹他州妇女初度在州陪审团作业，但直到20世纪40年代，大大都州才规则妇女有资历担任陪审团。
even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. this practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
即便这样，几个州也会主动清除女人陪审团的责任，除非她们亲自需求将自个的名字列入陪审团名单。这种做法是合理的，因为声称妇女在家庭中是需要的，而且在整个20世纪60年代，它使陪审团不代表妇女。

要点词汇

juries陪审团( jury的名词复数 ); 评判委员会

on state导通状况

a majority of大有些

eligible for适适合；有…的资历的，合格的

even then尽管那样

exempted使清除豁免

jury list陪审员名单

justified有合理理由的，合理的; 事出有因的; 调整; 证明… 理( justify的曩昔式和曩昔分词)

at home在家; 在国内; 在家招待客人; 通晓

unrepresentative不典型的，没有代表性的

in 1968, the congress of the united states passed the jury selection and service act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.
1968年，美国国会经过了《陪审团选拔和效能法》，为陪审团带来了民主变革的新年代。
this law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.
这项法令扔掉了对联邦陪审员的特别教育需求，并需求他们随机地从整个社区中选出。
in the landmark 1975 decision taylor vs. louisiana, the supreme court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.
在具有旅程碑意义的1975年泰勒诉路易斯安那州的断定中，最高法院将陪审团代表社区一切有些的需求扩展到州一级。
the taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
泰勒的判决还宣告，在陪审团甄选中的性别轻视是违宪的，并指令各州运用相同的程序来甄选男女陪审员。

要点词汇

united states美国; 合众国

democratic reforms民主变革

be selected当选；中选

at random胡乱; 任意地，随意地; 信; 凌乱无章

cross section横截面; 横断面; 横剖面; 横切面

supreme court最高法院

be representative of代表…，体现…，是…的典型

parts of有些

sex discrimination性别轻视

male and female男女; 凹凸面

写在最终
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